# Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Michael Trier (mtrier@gmail.com) and contributors
#
# This module is part of GitPython and is released under the
# 3-Clause BSD License: https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

"""Parser for reading and writing configuration files."""

__all__ = ["GitConfigParser", "SectionConstraint"]

import abc
import configparser as cp
import fnmatch
from functools import wraps
import inspect
from io import BufferedReader, IOBase
import logging
import os
import os.path as osp
import re
import sys

from git.compat import defenc, force_text
from git.util import LockFile

# typing-------------------------------------------------------

from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    Generic,
    IO,
    List,
    Dict,
    Sequence,
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Tuple,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
    cast,
)

from git.types import Lit_config_levels, ConfigLevels_Tup, PathLike, assert_never, _T

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from io import BytesIO

    from git.repo.base import Repo

T_ConfigParser = TypeVar("T_ConfigParser", bound="GitConfigParser")
T_OMD_value = TypeVar("T_OMD_value", str, bytes, int, float, bool)

if sys.version_info[:3] < (3, 7, 2):
    # typing.Ordereddict not added until Python 3.7.2.
    from collections import OrderedDict

    OrderedDict_OMD = OrderedDict
else:
    from typing import OrderedDict

    OrderedDict_OMD = OrderedDict[str, List[T_OMD_value]]  # type: ignore[assignment, misc]

# -------------------------------------------------------------

_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

CONFIG_LEVELS: ConfigLevels_Tup = ("system", "user", "global", "repository")
"""The configuration level of a configuration file."""

CONDITIONAL_INCLUDE_REGEXP = re.compile(r"(?<=includeIf )\"(gitdir|gitdir/i|onbranch|hasconfig:remote\.\*\.url):(.+)\"")
"""Section pattern to detect conditional includes.

See: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#_conditional_includes
"""

UNSAFE_CONFIG_CHARS_RE = re.compile(r"[\r\n\x00]")
"""Characters that cannot be safely written in config names or values."""


class MetaParserBuilder(abc.ABCMeta):  # noqa: B024
    """Utility class wrapping base-class methods into decorators that assure read-only
    properties."""

    def __new__(cls, name: str, bases: Tuple, clsdict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "MetaParserBuilder":
        """Equip all base-class methods with a needs_values decorator, and all non-const
        methods with a :func:`set_dirty_and_flush_changes` decorator in addition to
        that.
        """
        kmm = "_mutating_methods_"
        if kmm in clsdict:
            mutating_methods = clsdict[kmm]
            for base in bases:
                methods = (t for t in inspect.getmembers(base, inspect.isroutine) if not t[0].startswith("_"))
                for method_name, method in methods:
                    if method_name in clsdict:
                        continue
                    method_with_values = needs_values(method)
                    if method_name in mutating_methods:
                        method_with_values = set_dirty_and_flush_changes(method_with_values)
                    # END mutating methods handling

                    clsdict[method_name] = method_with_values
                # END for each name/method pair
            # END for each base
        # END if mutating methods configuration is set

        new_type = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, clsdict)
        return new_type


def needs_values(func: Callable[..., _T]) -> Callable[..., _T]:
    """Return a method for ensuring we read values (on demand) before we try to access
    them."""

    @wraps(func)
    def assure_data_present(self: "GitConfigParser", *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> _T:
        self.read()
        return func(self, *args, **kwargs)

    # END wrapper method
    return assure_data_present


def set_dirty_and_flush_changes(non_const_func: Callable[..., _T]) -> Callable[..., _T]:
    """Return a method that checks whether given non constant function may be called.

    If so, the instance will be set dirty. Additionally, we flush the changes right to
    disk.
    """

    def flush_changes(self: "GitConfigParser", *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> _T:
        rval = non_const_func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self._dirty = True
        self.write()
        return rval

    # END wrapper method
    flush_changes.__name__ = non_const_func.__name__
    return flush_changes


class SectionConstraint(Generic[T_ConfigParser]):
    """Constrains a ConfigParser to only option commands which are constrained to
    always use the section we have been initialized with.

    It supports all ConfigParser methods that operate on an option.

    :note:
        If used as a context manager, will release the wrapped ConfigParser.
    """

    __slots__ = ("_config", "_section_name")

    _valid_attrs_ = (
        "get_value",
        "set_value",
        "get",
        "set",
        "getint",
        "getfloat",
        "getboolean",
        "has_option",
        "remove_section",
        "remove_option",
        "options",
    )

    def __init__(self, config: T_ConfigParser, section: str) -> None:
        self._config = config
        self._section_name = section

    def __del__(self) -> None:
        # Yes, for some reason, we have to call it explicitly for it to work in PY3 !
        # Apparently __del__ doesn't get call anymore if refcount becomes 0
        # Ridiculous ... .
        self._config.release()

    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
        if attr in self._valid_attrs_:
            return lambda *args, **kwargs: self._call_config(attr, *args, **kwargs)
        return super().__getattribute__(attr)

    def _call_config(self, method: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        """Call the configuration at the given method which must take a section name as
        first argument."""
        return getattr(self._config, method)(self._section_name, *args, **kwargs)

    @property
    def config(self) -> T_ConfigParser:
        """return: ConfigParser instance we constrain"""
        return self._config

    def release(self) -> None:
        """Equivalent to :meth:`GitConfigParser.release`, which is called on our
        underlying parser instance."""
        return self._config.release()

    def __enter__(self) -> "SectionConstraint[T_ConfigParser]":
        self._config.__enter__()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exception_type: str, exception_value: str, traceback: str) -> None:
        self._config.__exit__(exception_type, exception_value, traceback)


class _OMD(OrderedDict_OMD):
    """Ordered multi-dict."""

    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: _T) -> None:
        super().__setitem__(key, [value])

    def add(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
        if key not in self:
            super().__setitem__(key, [value])
            return

        super().__getitem__(key).append(value)

    def setall(self, key: str, values: List[_T]) -> None:
        super().__setitem__(key, values)

    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
        return super().__getitem__(key)[-1]

    def getlast(self, key: str) -> Any:
        return super().__getitem__(key)[-1]

    def setlast(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
        if key not in self:
            super().__setitem__(key, [value])
            return

        prior = super().__getitem__(key)
        prior[-1] = value

    def get(self, key: str, default: Union[_T, None] = None) -> Union[_T, None]:
        return super().get(key, [default])[-1]

    def getall(self, key: str) -> List[_T]:
        return super().__getitem__(key)

    def items(self) -> List[Tuple[str, _T]]:  # type: ignore[override]
        """List of (key, last value for key)."""
        return [(k, self[k]) for k in self]

    def items_all(self) -> List[Tuple[str, List[_T]]]:
        """List of (key, list of values for key)."""
        return [(k, self.getall(k)) for k in self]


def get_config_path(config_level: Lit_config_levels) -> str:
    # We do not support an absolute path of the gitconfig on Windows.
    # Use the global config instead.
    if sys.platform == "win32" and config_level == "system":
        config_level = "global"

    if config_level == "system":
        return "/etc/gitconfig"
    elif config_level == "user":
        config_home = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME") or osp.join(os.environ.get("HOME", "~"), ".config")
        return osp.normpath(osp.expanduser(osp.join(config_home, "git", "config")))
    elif config_level == "global":
        return osp.normpath(osp.expanduser("~/.gitconfig"))
    elif config_level == "repository":
        raise ValueError("No repo to get repository configuration from. Use Repo._get_config_path")
    else:
        # Should not reach here. Will raise ValueError if does. Static typing will warn
        # about missing elifs.
        assert_never(  # type: ignore[unreachable]
            config_level,
            ValueError(f"Invalid configuration level: {config_level!r}"),
        )


class GitConfigParser(cp.RawConfigParser, metaclass=MetaParserBuilder):
    """Implements specifics required to read git style configuration files.

    This variation behaves much like the :manpage:`git-config(1)` command, such that the
    configuration will be read on demand based on the filepath given during
    initialization.

    The changes will automatically be written once the instance goes out of scope, but
    can be triggered manually as well.

    The configuration file will be locked if you intend to change values preventing
    other instances to write concurrently.

    :note:
        The config is case-sensitive even when queried, hence section and option names
        must match perfectly.

    :note:
        If used as a context manager, this will release the locked file.
    """

    # { Configuration
    t_lock = LockFile
    """The lock type determines the type of lock to use in new configuration readers.

    They must be compatible to the :class:`~git.util.LockFile` interface.
    A suitable alternative would be the :class:`~git.util.BlockingLockFile`.
    """

    re_comment = re.compile(r"^\s*[#;]")
    # } END configuration

    optvalueonly_source = r"\s*(?P<option>[^:=\s][^:=]*)"

    OPTVALUEONLY = re.compile(optvalueonly_source)

    OPTCRE = re.compile(optvalueonly_source + r"\s*(?P<vi>[:=])\s*" + r"(?P<value>.*)$")

    del optvalueonly_source

    _mutating_methods_ = ("add_section", "remove_section", "remove_option", "set")
    """Names of :class:`~configparser.RawConfigParser` methods able to change the
    instance."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        file_or_files: Union[None, PathLike, "BytesIO", Sequence[Union[PathLike, "BytesIO"]]] = None,
        read_only: bool = True,
        merge_includes: bool = True,
        config_level: Union[Lit_config_levels, None] = None,
        repo: Union["Repo", None] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize a configuration reader to read the given `file_or_files` and to
        possibly allow changes to it by setting `read_only` False.

        :param file_or_files:
            A file path or file object, or a sequence of possibly more than one of them.

        :param read_only:
            If ``True``, the ConfigParser may only read the data, but not change it.
            If ``False``, only a single file path or file object may be given. We will
            write back the changes when they happen, or when the ConfigParser is
            released. This will not happen if other configuration files have been
            included.

        :param merge_includes:
            If ``True``, we will read files mentioned in ``[include]`` sections and
            merge their contents into ours. This makes it impossible to write back an
            individual configuration file. Thus, if you want to modify a single
            configuration file, turn this off to leave the original dataset unaltered
            when reading it.

        :param repo:
            Reference to repository to use if ``[includeIf]`` sections are found in
            configuration files.
        """
        cp.RawConfigParser.__init__(self, dict_type=_OMD)
        self._dict: Callable[..., _OMD]
        self._defaults: _OMD
        self._sections: _OMD

        # Used in Python 3. Needs to stay in sync with sections for underlying
        # implementation to work.
        if not hasattr(self, "_proxies"):
            self._proxies = self._dict()

        if file_or_files is not None:
            self._file_or_files: Union[PathLike, "BytesIO", Sequence[Union[PathLike, "BytesIO"]]] = file_or_files
        else:
            if config_level is None:
                if read_only:
                    self._file_or_files = [
                        get_config_path(cast(Lit_config_levels, f)) for f in CONFIG_LEVELS if f != "repository"
                    ]
                else:
                    raise ValueError("No configuration level or configuration files specified")
            else:
                self._file_or_files = [get_config_path(config_level)]

        self._read_only = read_only
        self._dirty = False
        self._is_initialized = False
        self._merge_includes = merge_includes
        self._repo = repo
        self._lock: Union["LockFile", None] = None
        self._acquire_lock()

    def _acquire_lock(self) -> None:
        if not self._read_only:
            if not self._lock:
                if isinstance(self._file_or_files, (str, os.PathLike)):
                    file_or_files = self._file_or_files
                elif isinstance(self._file_or_files, (tuple, list, Sequence)):
                    raise ValueError(
                        "Write-ConfigParsers can operate on a single file only, multiple files have been passed"
                    )
                else:
                    file_or_files = self._file_or_files.name

                # END get filename from handle/stream
                # Initialize lock base - we want to write.
                self._lock = self.t_lock(file_or_files)
            # END lock check

            self._lock._obtain_lock()
        # END read-only check

    def __del__(self) -> None:
        """Write pending changes if required and release locks."""
        # NOTE: Only consistent in Python 2.
        self.release()

    def __enter__(self) -> "GitConfigParser":
        self._acquire_lock()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
        self.release()

    def release(self) -> None:
        """Flush changes and release the configuration write lock. This instance must
        not be used anymore afterwards.

        In Python 3, it's required to explicitly release locks and flush changes, as
        ``__del__`` is not called deterministically anymore.
        """
        # Checking for the lock here makes sure we do not raise during write()
        # in case an invalid parser was created who could not get a lock.
        if self.read_only or (self._lock and not self._lock._has_lock()):
            return

        try:
            self.write()
        except IOError:
            _logger.error("Exception during destruction of GitConfigParser", exc_info=True)
        except ReferenceError:
            # This happens in Python 3... and usually means that some state cannot be
            # written as the sections dict cannot be iterated. This usually happens when
            # the interpreter is shutting down. Can it be fixed?
            pass
        finally:
            if self._lock is not None:
                self._lock._release_lock()

    def optionxform(self, optionstr: str) -> str:
        """Do not transform options in any way when writing."""
        return optionstr

    def _read(self, fp: Union[BufferedReader, IO[bytes]], fpname: str) -> None:
        """Originally a direct copy of the Python 2.4 version of
        :meth:`RawConfigParser._read <configparser.RawConfigParser._read>`, to ensure it
        uses ordered dicts.

        The ordering bug was fixed in Python 2.4, and dict itself keeps ordering since
        Python 3.7. This has some other changes, especially that it ignores initial
        whitespace, since git uses tabs. (Big comments are removed to be more compact.)
        """
        cursect = None  # None, or a dictionary.
        optname = None
        lineno = 0
        is_multi_line = False
        e = None  # None, or an exception.

        def string_decode(v: str) -> str:
            if v and v.endswith("\\"):
                v = v[:-1]
            # END cut trailing escapes to prevent decode error

            return v.encode(defenc).decode("unicode_escape")

        # END string_decode

        while True:
            # We assume to read binary!
            line = fp.readline().decode(defenc)
            if not line:
                break
            lineno = lineno + 1
            # Comment or blank line?
            if line.strip() == "" or self.re_comment.match(line):
                continue
            if line.split(None, 1)[0].lower() == "rem" and line[0] in "rR":
                # No leading whitespace.
                continue

            # Is it a section header?
            mo = self.SECTCRE.match(line.strip())
            if not is_multi_line and mo:
                sectname: str = mo.group("header").strip()
                if sectname in self._sections:
                    cursect = self._sections[sectname]
                elif sectname == cp.DEFAULTSECT:
                    cursect = self._defaults
                else:
                    cursect = self._dict((("__name__", sectname),))
                    self._sections[sectname] = cursect
                    self._proxies[sectname] = None
                # So sections can't start with a continuation line.
                optname = None
            # No section header in the file?
            elif cursect is None:
                raise cp.MissingSectionHeaderError(fpname, lineno, line)
            # An option line?
            elif not is_multi_line:
                mo = self.OPTCRE.match(line)
                if mo:
                    # We might just have handled the last line, which could contain a quotation we want to remove.
                    optname, vi, optval = mo.group("option", "vi", "value")
                    optname = self.optionxform(optname.rstrip())

                    if vi in ("=", ":") and ";" in optval and not optval.strip().startswith('"'):
                        pos = optval.find(";")
                        if pos != -1 and optval[pos - 1].isspace():
                            optval = optval[:pos]
                    optval = optval.strip()

                    if len(optval) < 2 or optval[0] != '"':
                        # Does not open quoting.
                        pass
                    elif optval[-1] != '"':
                        # Opens quoting and does not close: appears to start multi-line quoting.
                        is_multi_line = True
                        optval = string_decode(optval[1:])
                    elif optval.find("\\", 1, -1) == -1 and optval.find('"', 1, -1) == -1:
                        # Opens and closes quoting. Single line, and all we need is quote removal.
                        optval = optval[1:-1]
                    # TODO: Handle other quoted content, especially well-formed backslash escapes.

                    # Preserves multiple values for duplicate optnames.
                    cursect.add(optname, optval)
                else:
                    # Check if it's an option with no value - it's just ignored by git.
                    if not self.OPTVALUEONLY.match(line):
                        if not e:
                            e = cp.ParsingError(fpname)
                        e.append(lineno, repr(line))
                    continue
            else:
                line = line.rstrip()
                if line.endswith('"'):
                    is_multi_line = False
                    line = line[:-1]
                # END handle quotations
                optval = cursect.getlast(optname)
                cursect.setlast(optname, optval + string_decode(line))
            # END parse section or option
        # END while reading

        # If any parsing errors occurred, raise an exception.
        if e:
            raise e

    def _has_includes(self) -> Union[bool, int]:
        return self._merge_includes and len(self._included_paths())

    def _included_paths(self) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
        """List all paths that must be included to configuration.

        :return:
            The list of paths, where each path is a tuple of (option, value).
        """

        def _all_items(section: str) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
            """Return all (key, value) pairs for a section, including duplicate keys."""
            return [
                (key, value)
                for key, values in self._sections[section].items_all()
                if key != "__name__"
                for value in values
            ]

        paths = []

        for section in self.sections():
            if section == "include":
                paths += _all_items(section)

            match = CONDITIONAL_INCLUDE_REGEXP.search(section)
            if match is None or self._repo is None:
                continue

            keyword = match.group(1)
            value = match.group(2).strip()

            if keyword in ["gitdir", "gitdir/i"]:
                value = osp.expanduser(value)

                if not any(value.startswith(s) for s in ["./", "/"]):
                    value = "**/" + value
                if value.endswith("/"):
                    value += "**"

                # Ensure that glob is always case insensitive if required.
                if keyword.endswith("/i"):
                    value = re.sub(
                        r"[a-zA-Z]",
                        lambda m: f"[{m.group().lower()!r}{m.group().upper()!r}]",
                        value,
                    )
                if self._repo.git_dir:
                    if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(os.fspath(self._repo.git_dir), value):
                        paths += _all_items(section)

            elif keyword == "onbranch":
                try:
                    branch_name = self._repo.active_branch.name
                except TypeError:
                    # Ignore section if active branch cannot be retrieved.
                    continue

                if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(branch_name, value):
                    paths += _all_items(section)
            elif keyword == "hasconfig:remote.*.url":
                for remote in self._repo.remotes:
                    if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(remote.url, value):
                        paths += _all_items(section)
                        break
        return paths

    def read(self) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
        """Read the data stored in the files we have been initialized with.

        This will ignore files that cannot be read, possibly leaving an empty
        configuration.

        :raise IOError:
            If a file cannot be handled.
        """
        if self._is_initialized:
            return
        self._is_initialized = True

        files_to_read: List[Union[PathLike, IO]] = [""]
        if isinstance(self._file_or_files, (str, os.PathLike)):
            # For str or Path, as str is a type of Sequence.
            files_to_read = [self._file_or_files]
        elif not isinstance(self._file_or_files, (tuple, list, Sequence)):
            # Could merge with above isinstance once runtime type known.
            files_to_read = [self._file_or_files]
        else:  # For lists or tuples.
            files_to_read = list(self._file_or_files)
        # END ensure we have a copy of the paths to handle

        files_to_read = [osp.abspath(path) if isinstance(path, (str, os.PathLike)) else path for path in files_to_read]

        seen = set(files_to_read)
        num_read_include_files = 0
        while files_to_read:
            file_path = files_to_read.pop(0)
            file_ok = False

            if hasattr(file_path, "seek"):
                # Must be a file-object.
                # TODO: Replace cast with assert to narrow type, once sure.
                file_path = cast(IO[bytes], file_path)
                self._read(file_path, file_path.name)
            else:
                try:
                    with open(file_path, "rb") as fp:
                        file_ok = True
                        self._read(fp, fp.name)
                except IOError:
                    continue

            # Read includes and append those that we didn't handle yet. We expect all
            # paths to be normalized and absolute (and will ensure that is the case).
            if self._has_includes():
                for _, include_path in self._included_paths():
                    if include_path.startswith("~"):
                        include_path = osp.expanduser(include_path)
                    if not osp.isabs(include_path):
                        if not file_ok:
                            continue
                        # END ignore relative paths if we don't know the configuration file path
                        file_path = cast(PathLike, file_path)
                        assert osp.isabs(file_path), "Need absolute paths to be sure our cycle checks will work"
                        include_path = osp.join(osp.dirname(file_path), include_path)
                    # END make include path absolute
                    include_path = osp.normpath(include_path)
                    if include_path in seen or not os.access(include_path, os.R_OK):
                        continue
                    seen.add(include_path)
                    # Insert included file to the top to be considered first.
                    files_to_read.insert(0, include_path)
                    num_read_include_files += 1
                # END each include path in configuration file
            # END handle includes
        # END for each file object to read

        # If there was no file included, we can safely write back (potentially) the
        # configuration file without altering its meaning.
        if num_read_include_files == 0:
            self._merge_includes = False

    def _write(self, fp: IO) -> None:
        """Write an .ini-format representation of the configuration state in
        git compatible format."""

        def write_section(name: str, section_dict: _OMD) -> None:
            fp.write(("[%s]\n" % name).encode(defenc))

            values: Sequence[str]  # Runtime only gets str in tests, but should be whatever _OMD stores.
            v: str
            for key, values in section_dict.items_all():
                if key == "__name__":
                    continue

                for v in values:
                    fp.write(("\t%s = %s\n" % (key, self._value_to_string(v).replace("\n", "\n\t"))).encode(defenc))
                # END if key is not __name__

        # END section writing

        if self._defaults:
            write_section(cp.DEFAULTSECT, self._defaults)
        value: _OMD

        for name, value in self._sections.items():
            write_section(name, value)

    def items(self, section_name: str) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:  # type: ignore[override]
        """:return: list((option, value), ...) pairs of all items in the given section"""
        return [(k, v) for k, v in super().items(section_name) if k != "__name__"]

    def items_all(self, section_name: str) -> List[Tuple[str, List[str]]]:
        """:return: list((option, [values...]), ...) pairs of all items in the given section"""
        rv = _OMD(self._defaults)

        for k, vs in self._sections[section_name].items_all():
            if k == "__name__":
                continue

            if k in rv and rv.getall(k) == vs:
                continue

            for v in vs:
                rv.add(k, v)

        return rv.items_all()

    @needs_values
    def write(self) -> None:
        """Write changes to our file, if there are changes at all.

        :raise IOError:
            If this is a read-only writer instance or if we could not obtain a file
            lock.
        """
        self._assure_writable("write")
        if not self._dirty:
            return

        if isinstance(self._file_or_files, (list, tuple)):
            raise AssertionError(
                "Cannot write back if there is not exactly a single file to write to, have %i files"
                % len(self._file_or_files)
            )
        # END assert multiple files

        if self._has_includes():
            _logger.debug(
                "Skipping write-back of configuration file as include files were merged in."
                + "Set merge_includes=False to prevent this."
            )
            return
        # END stop if we have include files

        fp = self._file_or_files

        # We have a physical file on disk, so get a lock.
        is_file_lock = isinstance(fp, (str, os.PathLike, IOBase))  # TODO: Use PathLike (having dropped 3.5).
        if is_file_lock and self._lock is not None:  # Else raise error?
            self._lock._obtain_lock()

        if not hasattr(fp, "seek"):
            fp = cast(PathLike, fp)
            with open(fp, "wb") as fp_open:
                self._write(fp_open)
        else:
            fp = cast("BytesIO", fp)
            fp.seek(0)
            # Make sure we do not overwrite into an existing file.
            if hasattr(fp, "truncate"):
                fp.truncate()
            self._write(fp)

    def _assure_writable(self, method_name: str) -> None:
        if self.read_only:
            raise IOError("Cannot execute non-constant method %s.%s" % (self, method_name))

    def add_section(self, section: "cp._SectionName") -> None:
        """Assures added options will stay in order."""
        self._assure_config_name_safe(section, "section")
        return super().add_section(section)

    @property
    def read_only(self) -> bool:
        """:return: ``True`` if this instance may change the configuration file"""
        return self._read_only

    # FIXME: Figure out if default or return type can really include bool.
    def get_value(
        self,
        section: str,
        option: str,
        default: Union[int, float, str, bool, None] = None,
    ) -> Union[int, float, str, bool]:
        """Get an option's value.

        If multiple values are specified for this option in the section, the last one
        specified is returned.

        :param default:
            If not ``None``, the given default value will be returned in case the option
            did not exist.

        :return:
            A properly typed value, either int, float or string

        :raise TypeError:
            In case the value could not be understood.
            Otherwise the exceptions known to the ConfigParser will be raised.
        """
        try:
            valuestr = self.get(section, option)
        except Exception:
            if default is not None:
                return default
            raise

        return self._string_to_value(valuestr)

    def get_values(
        self,
        section: str,
        option: str,
        default: Union[int, float, str, bool, None] = None,
    ) -> List[Union[int, float, str, bool]]:
        """Get an option's values.

        If multiple values are specified for this option in the section, all are
        returned.

        :param default:
            If not ``None``, a list containing the given default value will be returned
            in case the option did not exist.

        :return:
            A list of properly typed values, either int, float or string

        :raise TypeError:
            In case the value could not be understood.
            Otherwise the exceptions known to the ConfigParser will be raised.
        """
        try:
            self.sections()
            lst = self._sections[section].getall(option)
        except Exception:
            if default is not None:
                return [default]
            raise

        return [self._string_to_value(valuestr) for valuestr in lst]

    def _string_to_value(self, valuestr: str) -> Union[int, float, str, bool]:
        types = (int, float)
        for numtype in types:
            try:
                val = numtype(valuestr)
                # truncated value ?
                if val != float(valuestr):
                    continue
                return val
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                continue
        # END for each numeric type

        # Try boolean values as git uses them.
        vl = valuestr.lower()
        if vl == "false":
            return False
        if vl == "true":
            return True

        if not isinstance(valuestr, str):
            raise TypeError(
                "Invalid value type: only int, long, float and str are allowed",
                valuestr,
            )

        return valuestr

    def _value_to_string(self, value: Union[str, bytes, int, float, bool]) -> str:
        if isinstance(value, (int, float, bool)):
            return str(value)
        return force_text(value)

    def _value_to_string_safe(self, value: Union[str, bytes, int, float, bool]) -> str:
        value_str = self._value_to_string(value)
        if UNSAFE_CONFIG_CHARS_RE.search(value_str):
            raise ValueError("Git config values must not contain CR, LF, or NUL")
        return value_str

    def _assure_config_name_safe(self, name: "cp._SectionName", label: str) -> None:
        if isinstance(name, str) and UNSAFE_CONFIG_CHARS_RE.search(name):
            raise ValueError("Git config %s names must not contain CR, LF, or NUL" % label)

    @needs_values
    @set_dirty_and_flush_changes
    def set(
        self,
        section: str,
        option: str,
        value: Union[str, bytes, int, float, bool, None] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self._assure_config_name_safe(section, "section")
        self._assure_config_name_safe(option, "option")
        if value is not None:
            value = self._value_to_string_safe(value)
        return super().set(section, option, value)

    @needs_values
    @set_dirty_and_flush_changes
    def set_value(self, section: str, option: str, value: Union[str, bytes, int, float, bool]) -> "GitConfigParser":
        """Set the given option in section to the given value.

        This will create the section if required, and will not throw as opposed to the
        default ConfigParser ``set`` method.

        :param section:
            Name of the section in which the option resides or should reside.

        :param option:
            Name of the options whose value to set.

        :param value:
            Value to set the option to. It must be a string or convertible to a string.

        :return:
            This instance
        """
        self._assure_config_name_safe(section, "section")
        self._assure_config_name_safe(option, "option")
        value_str = self._value_to_string_safe(value)
        if not self.has_section(section):
            self.add_section(section)
        super().set(section, option, value_str)
        return self

    @needs_values
    @set_dirty_and_flush_changes
    def add_value(self, section: str, option: str, value: Union[str, bytes, int, float, bool]) -> "GitConfigParser":
        """Add a value for the given option in section.

        This will create the section if required, and will not throw as opposed to the
        default ConfigParser ``set`` method. The value becomes the new value of the
        option as returned by :meth:`get_value`, and appends to the list of values
        returned by :meth:`get_values`.

        :param section:
            Name of the section in which the option resides or should reside.

        :param option:
            Name of the option.

        :param value:
            Value to add to option. It must be a string or convertible to a string.

        :return:
            This instance
        """
        self._assure_config_name_safe(section, "section")
        self._assure_config_name_safe(option, "option")
        value_str = self._value_to_string_safe(value)
        if not self.has_section(section):
            self.add_section(section)
        self._sections[section].add(option, value_str)
        return self

    def rename_section(self, section: str, new_name: str) -> "GitConfigParser":
        """Rename the given section to `new_name`.

        :raise ValueError:
            If:

            * `section` doesn't exist.
            * A section with `new_name` does already exist.

        :return:
            This instance
        """
        if not self.has_section(section):
            raise ValueError("Source section '%s' doesn't exist" % section)
        self._assure_config_name_safe(new_name, "section")
        if self.has_section(new_name):
            raise ValueError("Destination section '%s' already exists" % new_name)

        super().add_section(new_name)
        new_section = self._sections[new_name]
        for k, vs in self.items_all(section):
            new_section.setall(k, vs)
        # END for each value to copy

        # This call writes back the changes, which is why we don't have the respective
        # decorator.
        self.remove_section(section)
        return self
